NEXUS AMONG URBANIZATION, INDUSTRIALIZATION AND ENVIRONMENT: EVIDENCE FROM SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES

Abstract

This study explores the dynamic relationship among urbanization, industrialization, and environmental degradation in South Asian countries over the past three decades. Using panel data from major South Asian economies and applying advanced econometric techniques including panel cointegration and causality tests, the research investigates how rapid urban growth and industrial development impact environmental quality, with a focus on CO₂ emissions and ecological footprint. The findings suggest a significant long-term relationship where both urbanization and industrialization contribute to environmental degradation, although the magnitude and direction vary across countries. The results underline the need for region-specific sustainable development strategies that balance economic growth with environmental preservation. Policy implications point toward the integration of green technologies and stricter environmental regulations to mitigate the adverse effects of development processes.

Keywords: Urbanization, Industrialization, Environmental Degradation, South Asia, Sustainable Development