UNRAVELING THE COMPLEXITIES OF DEMOCRACY IN PAKISTAN: A PATH FORWARD

Abstract

Since its inception Pakistan experienced multiple democratic challenges due to alternating periods of military dictatorship and very brief democratic administrations. The research draws from the Democratic Consolidation Theory to study Pakistan's democratic development process. The existing literature review shows that Pakistan faces four main democratic challenges which stem from military interference alongside political polarization and poor governance systems as well as corruption. Using Democratic Consolidation Theory this paper analyzes the obstacles to democratic consolidation and examines two supporting elements including civil society involvement and international influences on reform. The paper presents research-backed guidelines to policymakers and civil society entities together with other stakeholders to boost Pakistan's democratic institutions and develop inclusive governance systems while protecting democratic principles. Through research that merges theoretical elements with practical findings this project seeks to enhance understanding of Pakistan's democratic obstacles along with offering implementable approaches to strengthen democratic consolidation in the nation.

Keyword: Democracy, Pakistan, Political Challenges, Governance, Reforms